International law. The case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International law. The case - Essay Example Natural products are fetching ever more precious in today's society. An important part of the shopper market is persuaded that natural products are linked with security and health, while artificial products are linked to unwanted side effects. In reaction to this trend, significant shifts are happening in many industrial sectors, such as food, drink, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, mostly because of rising feelings of the benefits of "lifestyle in agreement with nature". Since gathering consumer wants and expectations are of main significance for companies' competitiveness, there is a "gold race" for the use of natural elements as raw materials to expand a broad diversity of products. According to the Expert Ferreira, the "green wave" has led therapeutic plant sharing companies to seek "new products", with a sight to supplying the increasing demand in this market. Certainly, the similar thinking could be extensive to other industrial sectors intimately connected to human health, hygiene and food. This is the cause why rising countries abruptly discover themselves in the attention because of the sometimes huge biodiversity of plants rising within their boundaries. According to the Constitution of the United States gives Congress the authority to pass laws connecting to patents, in Article I, section 8, which reads "Congress shall have power to endorse the development of science and helpful arts, by securing for imperfect times to authors and inventors the elite right to their individual writings and discoveries." (US Constitution online, 2006) Under this authority Congress has from time to time enacted a range of laws relating to patents. The first patent law was enacted in 1790. The patent laws underwent a universal revision which was enacted July 19, 1952, and which came into result January 1, 1953. It is codified in Title 35, United States Code. As well, on November 29, 1999, Congress enacted the American Inventors Protection Act of 1999 (AIPA), which more revised the patent laws. See Public Law 106-113, 113 Stat. 1501 (1999). The patent law specifies the topic substance for which a patent may be obtained and the conditions for patentabili ty. The law establishes the United States Patent and Trademark Office to administer the law connecting to the yielding of patents and contains a range of other provisions linking to patents (Ray, 2003). A product can not be patented if any information is already available about it in any domestic or international level journals. So giving patent rights to Omni was wrong and the request for revocation should be granted as information was available in journal articles present in the libraries of state Y. Patents on Natural Products Investments in study and development are closely related to the hope of obtaining rights over the results, in order to recompense for the money spent throughout the work, which can be important through many years of study. Thus, given the spirited nature of modern life, it has become essential to offer incentives for study and growth

Comparison essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparison - Essay Example Similarly, the brutality of James Elroy’s â€Å"L.A Confidential† is adapted for screen by Curtis Hanson with a distinct underlying homage to Bogart’s portrayal of life-weary detectives, which is further highlighted by the simultaneous portrayal of heightened, stark realism which was lacking from the classic film noir pictures pre-1950. The opening sequences and title scenes of both films play a vital role in engaging the audience and preparing the audience as to what to expect from the movie with great effect. L.A. Confidential begins with historical footage of a prosperous pre-1950s Los Angeles city in which the celebrated â€Å"American Dream† is symbolised through the narrative. This places the audience at ease, increasing a sense of dramatic irony through the ideological portrayal that the symbolic â€Å"American Dream† is easily attainable. However, the old footage depicting idyllic family life is slowly juxtaposed and interspersed â€Å"the underbelly of America† and the â€Å"city the politicians don’t want you to see†. As such, the contrast heightens the thought provoking intentions of Curtis Hanson on the audience. In utilising the old footage, Hanson directly takes the audience to the era of the â€Å"The Big Sleep† however the â€Å"The Big Sleep† itself takes a more subtle approach to the subversion of the ideological American Dream, with equal effect. The opening scene of â€Å"The Big Sleep† creates a sense of isolation, which directly engages with the audience, beginning with the vivid image of the silhouette of a man and a woman, both smoking and blowing away the opening credit titles. The visual image of the smoke increases the sense of mystery and symbolises the underlying concept of a smokescreen, hiding the reality underneath the â€Å"Big Sleep†. This further indicates two possibilities, which